专家推荐：青花云凤纹玉壶春梅

专家推荐：青花云凤纹玉壶春梅

青花瓷又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，中华陶瓷烧制工艺的珍品。是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花始于唐，成熟与元朝。
Blueandwhiteporcelain,alsoknownaswhiteblueandwhiteporcelain,isoftenreferredtoasblueandwhiteporcelain,whichisatreasureofChineseceramicfiringtechnology.ItisoneofthemainvarietiesofChineseporcelain,whichbelongstounderglazecoloredporcelain.BlueandwhitebeganintheTangDynasty,maturewiththeYuanDynasty.
元青花的纹饰最大特点是构图丰满，层次多而不乱。笔法以一笔点划多见，流畅有力;勾勒渲染则粗壮沉着。主题纹饰的题材有人物、动物、植物、诗文等。人物有高士图(四爱图)、历史人物等;动物有龙凤、麒麟、鸳鸯、游鱼等;植物常见的有牡丹、莲花、兰花、松竹梅、灵芝、花叶、瓜果等;诗文极少见。所画牡丹的花瓣多留白边;龙纹为小头、细颈、长身、三爪或四爪、背部出脊、鳞纹多为网格状，矫健而凶猛。辅助纹饰多为卷草、莲瓣、古钱、海水、回纹、朵云、蕉叶等。莲瓣纹形状似”大括号”，莲瓣中常绘道家杂宝;如意云纹中常绘海八怪或折枝莲花、缠枝花卉，绘三阶云;蕉叶中梗为实心(填满青料);海水纹为粗线与细线描绘相结合。
Themostimportantfeatureoftheyuanblueandwhitepatternisthatthecompositionisplump,andtherearemanylevelswithoutdisorder.Thestrokesarefrequent,smoothandpowerful,whiletheoutlineandrenderingarethickandcalm.Thethemeofthedecorationincludescharacters,animals,plants,poemsandsoon.ThefiguresareGaoShiTu(SiAITU),historicalfigures,etc.;theanimalsaredragonandPhoenix,unicorn,mandarinduck,swimmingfish,etc.;thecommonplantsarepeony,lotus,orchid,pineandbambooplum,Ganodermalucidum,flowerleaves,melonandfruit,etc.;thepoemsarerare.Thepetalsofthepaintedpeoniesaremostlywithwhiteedges;thedragonpatternsaresmallhead,thinneck,longbody,threeorfourclaws,backridges,andscalepatternsaremostlygridlike,vigorousandfierce.Theauxiliarypatternsaremainlycurlygrass,lotuspetal,ancientmoney,seawater,palisade,cloud,bananaleaf,etc.Theshapeoflotuspetalpatternislike”braces”,inwhichTaoistmiscellaneoustreasuresareoftenpainted;inRuyicloudpattern,eightmonstersoftheseaorlotusandtangledflowersareoftenpainted;inbananaleaf,thestemissolid(filledwithgreenmaterial);inseawaterpattern,thicklinesandthinlinesarecombined.
青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。清康熙时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。
Blueandwhiteporcelainismadeofcobaltoxidecontainingcobaltore,whichispaintedontheceramicbody,coveredwithalayeroftransparentglaze,andfiredinahightemperaturereductionflame.Cobaltmaterialisblueafterfiring,withstrongcoloringpower,brighthaircolor,highfiringrateandstablecolor.TheoriginalblueandwhiteporcelainhasbeenfoundinTangandSongDynasties,whilethematureblueandwhiteporcelainappearedintheHutiankilnofJingdezheninYuanDynasty.InMingDynasty,blueandwhiteporcelainbecamethemainstream.KangxiperiodofQingDynastyreacheditspeak.InMingandQingDynasties,italsocreatedandburnedblueandwhitefivecolors,peacockgreenglazeblueandwhite,beangreenglazeblueandwhite,blueandwhiteredcolor,yellowgroundblueandwhite,brotherglazeblueandwhiteandotherderivatives.
玉壶春瓶又称玉壶赏瓶，是中国瓷器造型中的一种典型器形。流行地区广，沿用时间长，宋以后历代各地窑场均有烧制。它的造型是由唐代寺院里的净水瓶演变而来。基本形制为撇口、细颈、垂腹、圈足。它是一种以变化柔和的弧线为轮廓线的瓶类。其造型上的独特之处是：颈较细，颈部中央微微收束，颈部向下逐渐加宽过渡为杏圆状下垂腹，曲线变化圆缓；圈足相对较大，或内敛或外撇。这种瓶的造型定型于宋代，历经宋、元、明、清、民国直至现代。
Yuhuspringbottle,alsoknownasYuhuappreciationbottle,isatypicalshapeofChineseporcelain.Ithasawiderangeofpopularareasandhasbeenusedforalongtime.ItsshapeevolvedfromthewaterbottleinthetempleofTangDynasty.Thebasicshapesareskimmingmouth,thinneck,saggingabdomenandencirclingfeet.Itisakindofbottlewhosecontourissoftarc.Theuniquefeaturesofthemodelare:theneckisthin,thecenteroftheneckisslightlybunched,theneckisgraduallywideneddownwardtotheapricotshapedprolapsedabdomen,andthecurvechangesslowly;theringfootisrelativelylarge,orinwardoroutward.TheshapeofthebottlewasshapedinSongDynasty,fromSongDynasty,YuanDynasty,MingDynasty,QingDynasty,RepublicofChinatomoderntimes.
玉壶春瓶的造型是由唐代寺院里的净水瓶演变而来。基本形制为撇口、细颈、垂腹、圈足。它是一种以变化柔和的弧线为轮廓线的瓶类。其造型上的独特之处是：颈较细，颈部中央微微收束，颈部向下逐渐加宽过渡为杏圆状下垂腹，曲线变化圆缓；圈足相对较大，或内敛或外撇。这种瓶的造型定型于宋代，历经宋、元、明、清、民国直至现代，成为中国瓷器造型中的一种典型器物
TheshapeofYuhuspringbottleevolvedfromthepurewaterbottleinthetempleofTangDynasty.Thebasicshapesareskimmingmouth,thinneck,saggingabdomenandencirclingfeet.Itisakindofbottlewhosecontourissoftarc.Theuniquefeaturesofthemodelare:theneckisthin,thecenteroftheneckisslightlybunched,theneckisgraduallywideneddownwardtotheapricotshapedprolapsedabdomen,andthecurvechangesslowly;theringfootisrelativelylarge,orinwardoroutward.TheshapeofthiskindofbottlewasshapedinSongDynasty.ItwentthroughSongDynasty,YuanDynasty,MingDynasty,QingDynasty,RepublicofChinaandevenmoderntimes,andbecameatypicalutensilintheshapeofChineseporcelain
专家推荐：此青花云凤纹玉壶春梅瓶造型为蘑菇翻卷小口、短颈、溜肩、收腹，自上而下辅以蕉叶纹、莲瓣纹，卷草纹、等元代流行纹样，瓶外壁腰部以青花描绘凤纹和卷草纹，凤纹为主纹饰，卷草纹辅助，凤为百鸟之后，象征母仪天下，更有天下安宁祥和之意。飞凤以祥云相拥，寓意吉庆祥瑞。与设色高雅的青花相衬，更突显了一份娇艳柔美的气质，风华绝代，分外难得，在其底部和颈部青花描绘花卉蕉叶纹，花发色幽兰沉静，略带晕散效果，美轮美奂，釉汁肥润光洁，为元青花玉壶春之精品佳作，不为多见。共五层纹饰；其次，可见其纹饰线条流畅，虽见率意，然描绘认真，凤纹以及其它纹饰皆可感鲜明元代风格，无需详表；再者，其青花发色深沉而浓艳，晕散现象较为显著，苏料特征，一眼可识。第四，可见青花深重之处，多有铁锈斑，盎然老相，自是明了；第五，其底胎稍见土黄，胎质坚硬，有麻点具麻仓土特征，其旋纹凸显，较为粗糙，点刷白釉，所以特征皆元青花瓷胎底之典型貌相。从整个造型看，端庄挺拔，器物线条流畅，型体饱满、匀称、轻盈，充满一种亭亭玉立的美感，非常生动。制作技艺高超，装饰法独特，纹饰生动、精美，口部、腹部、裙部及足部，分割点比例对称，艺术感极强，显示出元代青花技术的娴熟，最能代表表现元代青花典型文化和艺术精神的珍罕瓷器，极具观赏价值和很高的收藏价值。
Expertsrecommend:thisblueandwhitejadevasewithcloudandphoenixpatternsismadeofmushroomwithsmallmouth,shortneck,shoulderslipandbellyclosing.Itissupplementedbybananaleafpattern,lotuspetalpattern,grasspatternandotherpopularpatternsofYuanDynastyfromtoptobottom.Theouterwallandwaistofthebottlearepaintedwithblueandwhitephoenixpatternandgrasspattern.Thephoenixpatternisthemainpatternandgrasspatternisauxiliary.AfterthePhoenixisahundredbirds,itsymbolizestheworld’speaceandharmony.Flyingphoenixembraceseachotherwithauspiciousclouds,whichmeansauspiciousandauspicious.Comparedwiththeblueandwhitewithelegantcolors,italsohighlightsadelicateandsofttemperament.Itisextremelygorgeousandrare.Atthebottomandneckoftheblueandwhiteflowers,theyarepaintedwithbananaleafpatterns.Thecoloroftheflowersisblueandquiet,withaslighthaloeffect.Itisbeautiful,andtheglazeisfatandsmooth.ItisamasterpieceoftheyuanblueandwhiteYuhuspring,whichisrare.Therearefivelayersofornamentsintotal.Secondly,wecanseethatthelinesoftheornamentsaresmooth.Althoughwecanseetheinterest,thedepictionisserious.PhoenixpatternandotherornamentscanfeelthedistinctivestyleoftheYuanDynastywithoutadetailedtable.Moreover,theblueandwhitehaircolorisdeepandthick,andthehalophenomenonismoresignificant.ThecharacteristicsofSovietmaterialscanbeseenataglance.Fourth,wecanseethedepthofblueandwhiteflowers,mostofthemareironrustspots,fullofoldappearance,whichisself-evident;fifth,thebottomtireisslightlyyellowish,hard,withpockmarkswithcharacteristicsofpockmarkedsoil,itsspiralpatternisprominent,relativelyrough,andpointsarepaintedwithwhiteglaze,sothecharacteristicsarethetypicalappearanceofthebottomofblueandwhiteporcelain.Fromtheperspectiveofthewholeshape,itisdignifiedandstraight,withsmoothlines,full,symmetricalandlightshape,fullofagracefulbeauty,veryvivid.Itischaracterizedbysuperbcraftsmanship,uniquedecoration,vividandexquisitepatterns,symmetricaldivisionpointsandstrongartisticsense.ItshowstheproficiencyoftheblueandwhitetechnologyoftheYuanDynastyandtherareporcelainthatbestrepresentsthetypicalcultureandartisticspiritoftheblueandwhiteoftheYuanDynasty.Itisofgreatornamentalvalueandhighcollectionvalue.